Ethics and taxation : a cross-national comparison of UK and Turkish firms

This paper investigates responses to tax related ethical issues facing busines

Adoption of High-Performance Work Systems by Local Subsidiaries of Developed Country and Turkish MNEs and Indigenous Firms in Turkey

High‐performance work systems (HPWSs) are seen as important in helping strengthen competitive strategies of developed‐country multinational enterprises (DC MNEs). Commensurate with global competitive pressures and internationalization strategies, emerging‐country MNEs (EC MNEs) and indigenous firms are also increasingly adopting HPWSs. HPWSs are not only seen as simply performance enhancing systems, but also as facilitators of internationalization. MNEs represent an important test bed for the HPWSs and their applicability in different national contexts. In this article, we contribute to the extant literature by focusing on HPWS adoption level within domestic subsidiaries of DC MNEs and EC MNEs along with stand‐alone indigenous firms in a single‐country setting by keeping the host‐country environment as constant

Post-Acquisition Strategies of Emerging Market Internationalizing Enterprises: The State of the Art in Research and Future Research Directions

A significant transformation in the world economy in the past few decades has been the emergence of internationalizing firms from the emerging economies to world markets. This phenomenon has received prominent research attention in the literature. Yet, post-expansion challenges faced by these firms and the strategies they have employed in gaining strategic advantages in their host markets and in transferring knowledge and capabilities to their home market firms has not been studied as extensively. This has led to a fragmented picture underscoring the need for a literature inventory and a prospective look forward. In this paper, we address this need by taking stock of the current literature, paint a synthesized picture of that literature’s landscape, and forward questions for future research. We also comment on the contributions that appear in this volume to fuel scholarly discussion on the questions raised in these papers

A comparison of international HRM practices by Indian and European MNEs : evidence from Africa

By comparing the HRM practices in Indian and European MNE subsidiaries located in four of the Southern African Development Community countries, this paper tests the relevance of the country of origin effect and analyses the strength of institutional and firm level influences. Examining data from 865 MNE subsidiaries obtained from the World Bank enterprise survey data, the paper finds that Indian MNEs have higher labour costs in relation to total sales than their European counterparts, that Indian MNEs make more use of temporary labour than their European counterparts, that Indian MNEs invest in less training than their European counterparts. No support is found for the hypothesis that Indian MNEs have a lower ratio of skilled workers in comparison to European-owned subsidiaries. The study shows that country of origin effects are weakened if they are not consistent with host country ideology and that as economies evolve so too do their expectations of HR policy and practices

Corporate governance and firm performance in emerging markets: Evidence from Turkey

This is a study of the relationship between context, internal corporate governance and firm performance, looking at the case of Turkey, an exemplar of family capitalism. We found more concentrated ownership, often in the hands of families, led to firms performing better; concentrated ownership means that controlling families bear more of the risks of poor performance. Less predictably, given that the institutional environment is so well attuned to family ownership, we found that mechanisms that accord room for a greater range of voices and interests within and beyond families – larger boards and foreign ownership stakes – seem to also make for positive performance effects. We also noted that increases in cross ownership did not influence market performance, but was negatively associated with accounting performance. Conversely, we found that a higher proportion of family members on boards had no discernable effect on performance. Our findings provide further insights on the relationship between the type of institutions encountered in many emerging markets, internal corporate governance configurations and firm performance

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the rib: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>An aneurysmal bone cyst is a benign, but expansile tumor like lesion that generally occurs in the long bones including the vertebral column. An aneurysmal bone cyst arising from the rib, especially in the elderly, is extremely rare.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report a 58-year-old Turkish woman with an aneurysmal bone cyst of the right 3rd rib treated with chest wall resection. The pathologic findings confirmed the diagnosis of aneurysmal bone cyst. The patient has been followed up for 5 years with no evidence of recurrence.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>En bloc resection can be curative and provide good results for this rare type of chest wall tumor.</p

Reaping Benefits from Knowledge Transfer – The Role of Confidence in Knowledge

This paper seeks to develop a conceptual model that examines the role of individual’s confidence in the transferred knowledge in realizing benefits from such transfers. In so doing, the paper attempts to address the gap in the KT literature pertaining to the inability of recipients to gain benefits from incoming transferred knowledge. The conceptual model has been developed by drawing from the literature on socio-cognitive approaches by employing psychological variables (individual level differences in need for closure, regulatory focus, and self-efficacy) and contextual factors including perceived novelty of knowledge and positive feedback from social interactions affecting confidence in incoming knowledge. The conceptual model builds on the socio-cognitive perspective and explores some of the important issues that could contribute to the individual’s adeptness (or lack thereof) in deriving benefits from transferred knowledge thus addressing a vital gap in strategy and management literature. The paper introduces the concept of confidence in knowledge to the KT literature, which could lend valuable insights pertaining to deriving benefits from transferred knowledge. In addition, by highlighting the role of important individual specific constructs in determining the ability to gain benefits from KT, the paper makes a significant contribution to the stream of research on the micro-foundational bases of strategy. Finally, exploring perceived novelty as a knowledge attribute in this paper adds an interesting perspective to the individuals’ perception of the target knowledge quality and the resulting confidence in the incoming knowledge, which could in turn be moderated by individual differences

Legal origin and crporate social responsibility around the world

A central concern within contemporary socio-economics has been on the relationship between national institutional configurations and firm-level and macro-economic outcomes. In this paper, we assess the relationship between legal origin and a range of correlated indicators of responsible behavior by firms. Specifically, we explore the relationship between national context and the relative tendency to engage in socially responsible investing and voluntary charitable giving. We found that in Common Law contexts, firms are less likely to be socially responsible than their counterparts in Civil Law contexts, other than in the area of charitable giving, where the converse was the case. We explore the reasons for this distinction, and for the different patterns encountered in post- socialist Central and Eastern Europe. Based on the findings, we identify directions for future research

Reverse logistics pricing strategy for a green supply chain: a view of customers’ environmental awareness

The effectiveness of a reverse logistics strategy is contingent upon the successful execution of activities related to materials and product reuse. Green supply chain (GSC) in reverse logistics aims to minimize byproducts from ending up in landfills. This paper considers a retailer responsible for recycling and a manufacturer responsible for remanufacturing. Customer environmental awareness (CEA) is operationalized as customer word-of-mouth effect. We form three game theoretic models for two different scenarios with different pricing strategies, i.e. a non-cooperative pricing scenario based on Stackelberg equilibrium and Nash equilibrium, and a joint pricing scenario within a cooperative game model. The paper suggests that stakeholders are better off making their pricing and manufacturing decision in cooperation

Varieties of CSR : institutions and socially responsible behaviour

A central concern within contemporary socio-economics has been on the relationship between national institutional configurations and societal outcomes. In this paper, we assess the relationship between legal origin and a range of correlated indicators of social responsibility, focusing on socially responsible investing and voluntary charitable giving. We found that in Common Law contexts, lower levels of social responsibility than in Civil Law contexts, other than in the area of charitable giving, where the converse was the case. We explore the reasons for this distinction, and for the different patterns encountered in post-socialist Central and Eastern Europe. Based on the findings, we identify directions for future research